Pellet feeds were prepared at 70, 80, 83 and 90 degrees C under constant steam pressure of 4.0 kg/cm2. Under these conditions, the foods received 10 seconds of heat treatment, but treatment at 90 degrees C was found inappropriate since the food became slushy. Pelleting conditions examined in this study did not eliminate all contaminating bacteria, but coliforms from ingredients were killed when pelleting was conducted at over 80 degrees C. Concentrations of vitamins were not decreased during pelleting. The optimum temperature for pelleting food is considered to be 83 degrees C under the conditions investigated in this study.
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Today's livestock are fed complete or complementary feed given mainly in the form of pellets. This form gives better animal performance (average daily gain and feed conversion ratio) than feed in the form of meal (Royer et al., ). In addition, the macro-ingredients (the main raw materials used in the formula) are enhanced with additives, either for nutritional purposes or for their beneficial effects on animal health.
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While some additives are not sensitive to the thermo-mechanical constraints associated with feed manufacturing processes, others are, so care must be taken when determining pelleting conditions, where additives are incorporated, and the choice of additive itself.
This article first gives a reminder of the components and management of a pelleting line and then focuses on the feed temperatures reached:
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