In recent years, the process of recycling solid waste has become more relevant than ever. Pyrolysis installations can effectively solve the problem of garbage accumulation.
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It must be understood that the process of pyrolysis of materials is not a combustion process. Burning occurs as a result of the exposure of the polymer chain to oxygen. This releases energy. Oxygen does not participate in the pyrolysis process and an endothermic reaction occurs.
Pyrolysis plants (ovens) allow you to process:
The introduction of pyrolysis furnaces in industries with a large accumulation of waste will help to significantly reduce the level of disposal costs. In addition, the company can receive a certain profit through the sale or internal use of pyrolysis products.
The main advantage of pyrolysis is that the technology makes it possible to obtain thermal energy and various valuable products from waste, practically without polluting the environment.
Environmental safety – today!
Solid waste pyrolysis is a technology that will help displace waste disposal, thereby unloading landfills and reducing the negative impact of garbage accumulations on the environment. In addition, the pyrolysis process makes it possible to obtain oil products, thereby reducing the load on the oil refining industry. Any synthetic, vegetable or animal hydrocarbons can be pyrolyzed.
With full compliance with the technological regime, the low-temperature pyrolysis process meets the requirements and standards of sanitary and epidemiological control. It is considered an environmentally friendly method of disposal of various waste. During the pyrolysis process, an environmentally friendly and complete thermal destruction of various biologically active substances occurs, while the emissions of combustion products into the atmosphere are minimized. With the use of high-quality equipment and adherence to technology, 99.5% reduction in harmful emissions into the atmosphere can be achieved.
Low-temperature pyrolysis ensures the absence of biologically active compounds in processed products. Further storage of waste will not harm nature. Another advantage is the reduction of waste volumes due to the high density of the resulting ash.
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Pyrolysis furnaces play a crucial role in various industries, ensuring the efficient production of ethylene and propylene. In this blog, we will discuss the mechanics of these furnaces, exploring their temperature requirements, cracking process, and the significance of the convection section. By optimizing the operation of pyrolysis, industries can enhance productivity while minimizing issues such as tube coking and lost production.
To achieve the correct cracking of hydrocarbons, pyrolysis furnaces maintain a temperature of approximately -F (800-870°C). A narrow band of temperature range is vital for successful cracking. The reactions involved are endothermic, demanding a substantial amount of energy. However, due to the exceptionally fast cracking process, the light feed must be exposed to this intense heat for only milliseconds, allowing conversion to ethylene and propylene without promoting coke formation.
The convection section serves as the vital pre-heat mechanism in pyrolysis, ensuring the correct temperature range is achieved. Deviating from this range can lead to inefficiency and limited conversion if the temperature is too cold or excessive coke formation if it becomes too hot. Maintaining an optimal flow rate is equally important to prevent overheating the product and generating coke.
When fouling occurs in the convection section, heat transfer becomes limited, resulting in an inefficient pre-heat process. To compensate, additional firing and fuel consumption are required to reach the desired temperature. This has a knock-on effect and overheats the radiant section, leading to potential complications. Ethylene furnaces are typically designed with a turndown range, normally down to 80% of design throughput rate, allowing them to operate smoothly. However, when the convection section is fouled, it may be necessary to reduce the flow rate below the turndown range, which can cause tube coking and reduced production.
Optimizing the performance of pyrolysis heaters is critical for industries aiming to achieve maximum efficiency in ethylene and propylene production. By maintaining the correct temperature range, monitoring flow rates, and mitigating fouling issues in the convection section, facilities can ensure smooth operations, enhance safety, and minimize downtime, ultimately elevating their overall production output.
TubeTech™ Reinstates Heat Transfer Efficiency of a Pyrolysis Furnace
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Over the course of six years in operation, furnace stack temperatures rose from 190 °C to 230 °C, equaling 2.0% losses in fuel efficiency. The furnace had no access points for cleaning. Find out how convection section cleaning restored efficiency.
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