In a submersible pump, the drive motor and electrical components are completely enclosed in a watertight and sealed compartment that enables the unit to operate while totally submerged. Because of its proximity with the liquid being pumped, less energy is required. As it is easier to push rather than ‘pull’ liquids, the submersible pump uses direct pressure to force the fluid through the hose as opposed to utilising above-ground suction power. Factors such as site access, excavation depth or height can also create suction lift challenges for most types of above-ground pump.
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Electric submersible dewatering pumps offer portability, easy handling and are generally available in a power rating and capacity range that make them well suited to ground water control applications; including emergency duties. For instance, flooding, construction and mining sites, or instances where a pump with a small footprint is needed; such as when draining a sediment tank. They are also suited for applications where diesel pumps cannot be used, for example in underground mining environments or where emissions are not allowed
Providing hours, and even days, of unattended dewatering pump operation, submersible pumps can meet the demanding requirements of raising water from great depths or lowering water tables even in the toughest environments. Submersible pumps have been known to run up to 10,000 hours without attendance (although 2,000 hours is the recommended service interval). As they are sub- surface units they can continue working under ice in freezing conditions; as long as the pump is completely submerged. Where appropriate to the task, electric pumps offer environmental compatibility. For instance, quiet running is an essential feature of their performance when they are sited in populated areas or employed in night-time operations.
Positioning a pump into water in a safe and efficient manner is critical to achieving straightforward dewatering operations. For this reason, manufacturers are striving to develop submersible pumps that are increasingly light and easy to handle; with smaller models now available that weigh just 9 kg (19.8 lbs). You can even achieve a flow of around litres (343 US gpm) per minute with a pump that only weighs 20 kg (44 lbs). Part of this reduction in weight is down to the fact that electric-driven units are increasingly being constructed with aluminium bodies that are made to resist and reduce the amount of corrosion that can form. This results in easier handling, installation and servicing, which makes a world of difference when a user is on the water’s edge and needs to start pumping quickly.
Firstly, consider the pumping information. What is the flow requirement – measured in litres per second or cubic metres per hour? What is the static head – or the vertical elevation change – in metres? It is critical that the pump’s kilowatt rating and impeller type are suited to the flow rate and the total dynamic head on the pipeline discharge point. Also consider the sump dimensions. What is the depth and the size of the opening? What is the size, percentage and specific gravity of the solids in the liquid to be pumped? What is the temperature of the liquid?
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Secondly, outline the discharge information. What is the ‘run length’ to the discharge point? What is the length, diameter and material of the discharge hose? Friction losses in the hose, along with the static head, are the key factors in determining the total dynamic head.
Thirdly, establish the type and quality of power available on site. Check the voltage and phase, as these can vary from the normal 230 volts single phase to 400 or 500 volts three phase supply. Remember that power supply can be unreliable in remote locations, and poor quality power can cause pumps to fail.
Fourthly, estimate the level of suspended solids that can be expected in the liquid being pumped. Also determine the type, concentration and acidity of these solids, as these will affect the choice of design and construction material of the pump.
Fifthly, consider the conditions on site. Are there any site restrictions for the installation? Is it easy to gain access to the site? Can a vehicle reach the location where the pump is to be installed?
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