Laser cutting is a process that uses a high-power laser directed by computer numerical control (CNC) through optics to cut materials. This process is widely used in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, electronics, and medical, to cut materials such as metals, plastics, ceramics, wood, fabrics, and paper.
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Laser cutting involves using a focused laser beam to melt material in a localized area, with the help of a co-axial gas jet, and create a kerf. The laser beam itself remains unaffected by gas, but it can effectively burn, melt, or vaporize materials, while any resulting debris can be blown away, ensuring a high-quality finished edge.
Laser cutting can also be used for welding and etching. The three main techniques for laser cutting are CO2 laser, neodymium (Nd), and neodymium yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers. The type of laser used can affect laser performance. The advantages of laser cutting include precision, accuracy, reduced contamination, and easier workholding. Fiber lasers, in particular, are known for their superior precision cutting capabilities. One of the key advantages of fiber lasers is their ability to deliver consistent beam quality over long distances, enabling uniform cutting across various materials and thicknesses. This consistency contributes to superior edge quality and minimizes the need for secondary processing.
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1. Cooling of the laser tube:
CO2 laser machines use a laser tube that creates the laser light. This laser tube generates a lot of heat during operation, which must be dissipated to avoid overheating. An air compressor can be used to create a cooling flow that cools the laser tube and maintains an optimal operating temperature.
2. Blowing out dirt and dust:
During the cutting or engraving process, dirt, dust and material residues are generated that could contaminate the laser lens. An air compressor is often used to create a jet of air that blows these debris away from the lens to ensure clear and sharp laser focusing.
3. Compressed air for supported cutting and engraving processes:
Some CO2 laser machines can work with compressed air as a supporting medium. When the laser beam hits the material to be processed, the compressed air is used to enhance the cutting or engraving processes. This can increase the speed and quality of editing.
4. Protective gas when cutting metals:
Some CO2 laser machines use the air compressor to provide shielding gas such as nitrogen or oxygen. This shielding gas is used when cutting metals to protect the cutting edge and prevent oxidation of the metal edges.
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