Investing in an Industrial Fork Truck
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With so many options out there, purchasing an industrial forklift can quickly become an overwhelming experience. Your business needs extra material handling capacity, and your goal is to simply plug the hole, but that’s a process easier said than done. As it will help organize your efforts, understanding key forklift buying decision points and their impact on your operation is the ideal first step.
In this article, we’ll take a look at the key questions to ask yourself, your team, and your selected vendors while navigating the fork truck buying process. The more preparation you put in up front, the better you can manage your time and effort against clearly defined objectives, while also parsing out any unnecessary distractions that don’t directly serve your current needs.
What is my current Interest in buying a fork truck?
Just as any great journey begins with a single step, buying an industrial material handling vehicle begins with a single need. Are you replacing an existing lift removed from service, so you have most of your specifications in hand already? Are you expanding your warehousing fleet and looking to pick up efficiency improvements with the new purchase? Is this your first fork truck purchase, calling for more upfront education and test-driving?
Have a clear idea in mind about your ultimate interest in acquiring a new fork truck, so that equipment vendors can best match you to a suitable truck without over- or under-shooting your objectives. We suggest scheduling appointments with vendors to make sure you each have enough time to get into the details, starting with your overall goals and continuing down the rest of the topics below.
Another large element of your current business interests will involve lead times and availability of both the new fork truck itself, as well as parts and consumables down the road. In today’s volatile market, acquiring nearly any capital equipment piece and its necessary components calls for a sometimes-lengthy lead times, which may in turn drive you to making concessions on desired features or brands just to take delivery of an alternative selection in a reasonable timeframe. To reduce the impact of long lead times, start by engaging vendors early, and choose partners based on their ability to service your ongoing needs from their stock and employee pool directly (more on this below).
What lift matches my Working Environment?
Material handling vehicles are made to suit just about any working environment you can think up, from pristine, dry warehouses to remote wilderness mountainsides, and everything in between. A lift truck needs to be compatible with the surface type, exposure to weather, presence of dust and debris, and other environmental variables you expect it to encounter. For example, a fully enclosed, heated and cooled cabin, high-comfort lift may be the correct choice for construction sites, whereas a smaller, more economical lift may be a better fit for a dry product warehouse.
Most directly, working environments determine a lift’s tire types. A solid cushion tire performs well on smooth indoor concrete surfaces, and a pneumatic tire works best for rough outdoor terrain. A host of other details such as paint type, cabin enclosure, operator comfort systems, fuel tank size, and operator safety devices are all defined largely as a function of work environment.
What Powertrain best fits my application(s)?
Carrying on from the above working environment topic, next we may come to choose our lift’s powertrain. Indoor lifts in normal warehouse spaces are most commonly chosen with electric powertrain. Outdoor lifts on the other hand, are mostly chosen with propane or diesel internal combustion engines. Electric lift powerplants are more efficient and exhaust no hazardous gases into closed warehouse spaces, but they usually have lower capacity and drive time durations in that they must be plugged in often to charge (usually daily). Internal combustion powerplants are more powerful, with higher work capacities and the ability to run continuously (as long as they have fuel in the tank), but are noisy, physically larger, polluting, and cost more to operate (given today’s fuel costs).
Lift trucks are available in two-wheel drive, four-wheel drive, and independent wheel motor drive. Most commonly, only outdoor lifts are purchased as four-wheel drive, stemming from the need to use these lifts on rough, uneven gravel, dirt, or asphalt surfaces.
What Style lift meets my material handling needs?
The available types of industrial fork trucks seem to expand all the time, as vehicle manufacturers continually strive to meet the demands of material handling businesses seeking higher volumes, greater storage densities, taller rack heights, and more diverse load types. While we can’t list all possible lift styles here, we can provide the Forklift Classifications list from OSHA as a peek into just how varied these vehicles can be:
In short, consider four details in discussing styles with your fork truck vendor: aisle width, rack height, sitting vs standing operator, and load type (pallets, boxes, free-form products, etc). Load type, in particular is a large topic, which we’ll cover next in the form of capacity.
What Capacity lift will meet my needs?
Capacity for a fork truck means several things all at once:
– Weight of objects to be lifted
– Size, shape, and form of objects to be lifted
– Orientation and dexterity of lift needed to pick objects
– Any special requirements to lift objects safely and properly
A standard capacity target might be something like: “We’re lifting 2,500 lbs pallets, 42” x 48” wood base with stacked boxes wrapped, in a side-load orientation down narrow aisles, up to a top-rack elevation of 24 feet, three pallets deep”. This information leads us to both a base forklift chassis selection as well as several necessary accessories, such as a side-load turret with reach extension.
In similar fashion, other unique accessories such as carpet poles, multi-pallet fork sets, and invertible / rotating forks are all identified when discussing capacity and work processes.
What Duty Cycle will my lift need?
In essence, duty cycle simply means how often the lift needs to be in use versus how long it will sit unused in a given time period. For example, a warehouse with a single shift may utilize their fork truck 8 hours on, 16 hours off, in a 24-hour day, which results in a duty cycle of (8/24) = 33.3%. This conveys a few key details about sizing the forklift.
First, it won’t be used too extensively, and so can be selected from economical to mid-range feature tiers, keeping costs proportional to utilization. Second, the lift’s powertrain will consume fuel for 8 hours and then have 16 hours to refill, which is most applicable to battery recharge rates in electric lifts, but also is used to determine fuel tank sizes in combustion engine lifts, both solving for fueling a full work shift without stopping to recharge or refill. Third, duty cycles bear directly on operating costs – more on that in the next section.
What is my Budget – both CapEx and OpEx?
The question of ‘what is my budget’ is much more nuanced than it might first appear. Yes, ultimately, we have a purchase budget to spend that we cannot exceed, but do we have any idea on long-term and cost-benefit elements that also have cost implications? Consider establishing your budget with three items in mind:
Other Suggestions
A few quick additional questions worth considering during your new truck purchasing process:
What External Partners may I need in owning this vehicle?
External partners may include safety trainers, maintenance mechanics, financing banks, material handling solution providers, warehouse engineers, and more. Ideally, you’ll want to partner with a truck vendor who can embody as many of the service offerings as you deem pertinent to your business, giving you a healthy support network ready to come to your aid should you need.
Should I buy New or Used?
This question could warrant its own complete article! The question of new vs used is always a fair topic and comes down to the exact cost-benefit exchange specific to each purchase. Consider a used truck’s run hours, maintenance history, upkeep, general condition, operating environment, cost, purchase guarantee, and owner’s reason for selling in great detail. New may be relatively more expensive than used but may offer much greater confidence and support than a used truck transaction. That said, in today’s market, new units may have limited availability, driving buyers towards used lifts available immediately. When going used, look for ‘factory refurbished’ or ‘certified’ used lifts when possible, as well as available limited warranties.
Do I need any Secondary Benefits or Features?
Do you need to haul the lift from location to location, requiring tie-down hooks on the lift? Do you need the ability to integrate telematics or other onboard technology? Do you need to swap accessories and attachments? Consider all future or secondary uses required out of the lift to make sure you’re not missing any critical functionality in a new fork truck.
Am I able to meet my local Licensing and Safety Requirements?
Depending on the locale, different lift classifications have different licensing and safety requirements that businesses must comply with. In most cases, forklift operators certified in one lift classification are not allowed to jump onto other classifications without completing certification on that lift class as well, even when the second lift appears ‘smaller’ or ‘less complicated’. Look into specific OSHA or other agency requirements applicable in your area for both licensing / certification as well as those governing written safety program. You might choose to avoid introducing a new class of lift into an existing operation where existing lift types are already permitted.
What impacts or requirements will I have to Insure this vehicle?
As an extension of the ‘budget’ topic, forklifts often require insurance coverage which will bring along their own costs needing examination. Just like automobiles, lifts with newer safety features may often cost less to insure than older lifts, and costs may be further offset by additional training, management assets such as telematics systems, and overall low business incident ratings. Forklifts are not necessarily covered under a business automobile insurance plan, and also may be factored differently between owning and renting the lift. Be sure to check your coverage to make sure you’re properly insured.
One important rule to follow when purchasing a forklift is to choose the right forklift for your specific needs and operating environment. This involves considering factors such as the type and weight of the loads you will be moving, the height you need to reach, the operating environment (indoor or outdoor, smooth, or rough terrain), and the budget you have available for the purchase.
Selecting the wrong forklift can result in decreased productivity, increased maintenance costs, and even safety hazards. It’s important to take the time to carefully evaluate your needs and research different forklift options before making a purchase.
Additionally, it’s important to ensure that your operators are properly trained and certified to operate the forklift. Forklifts can be dangerous if not used correctly, so investing in proper training can help prevent accidents and injuries in the workplace.
We’ve put together some questions you can consider asking yourself before purchasing a new or used forklift.
What is the primary use for the forklift?
Understanding the primary use for the forklift is critical to determining which type of forklift is the best fit for your needs. Some common uses include lifting and moving heavy materials, loading and unloading cargo, stacking and organizing pallets, and moving equipment or machinery. It’s important to consider the specific tasks the forklift will be used for, as different forklift models are designed for different types of work.
What is the maximum weight that needs to be lifted?
The maximum weight that needs to be lifted is an essential consideration when choosing a forklift to buy. The maximum weight capacity of a forklift will determine the amount of weight that it can lift safely. It is crucial to determine the maximum weight of the loads that need to be lifted regularly and choose a forklift with a weight capacity that exceeds that amount to ensure safety and prevent damage to the forklift. Forklifts are available with a range of weight capacities, from less than 1,000 pounds to over 100,000 pounds, depending on the model and manufacturer.
How high does the forklift need to lift?
The height that needs to be lifted is also an important consideration when choosing a forklift to buy. The maximum lift height of a forklift will determine its ability to reach the highest shelves or racks in a warehouse or storage facility. It is essential to determine the maximum lift height required for the tasks that the forklift will be performing regularly and choose a forklift with a lift height that exceeds that amount to ensure that it can handle all necessary tasks. Forklifts are available with a range of lift heights, from less than 10 feet to over 50 feet, depending on the model and manufacturer. It’s important to choose a forklift with a lift height that meets your specific needs and provides enough clearance for safe and efficient operation.
What is the maximum weight capacity of the forklift?
The maximum weight capacity of a forklift is an important specification to consider when choosing a forklift to buy. It refers to the maximum weight that the forklift can safely lift and carry without causing damage to the machine or compromising the safety of the operator and others in the area. The maximum weight capacity of a forklift can vary widely depending on the specific model and manufacturer. Some smaller forklifts may have weight capacities of less than 1,000 pounds, while larger and more heavy-duty models can handle loads of over 100,000 pounds. It’s important to choose a forklift with a weight capacity that meets your specific needs and provides a margin of safety to handle any unexpected situations.
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What type of environment will the forklift be operating in?
Considering the type of environment that the forklift will be operating in is crucial when choosing a forklift to buy. The environment can affect factors such as the type of tires needed, the fuel source, and other features that impact the forklift’s performance and safety. Here are some key factors to consider:
Indoor vs. outdoor: Will the forklift be operating indoors, outdoors, or both? If operating indoors, an electric forklift is often a good choice due to lower noise levels and emissions. Outdoor operations may require a more robust forklift with larger tires, higher ground clearance, and greater durability to handle rough terrain.
Smooth or rough terrain: Will the forklift be operating on smooth or rough terrain? If operating on smooth terrain, cushion tires are often a good choice as they provide better maneuverability and a smaller turning radius. If operating on rough terrain, pneumatic tires are typically better suited for their ability to handle uneven surfaces and rough ground.
Climate and weather conditions: Will the forklift be operating in extreme hot or cold temperatures, or in wet or icy conditions? In extreme temperatures, special tires or climate-controlled cabs may be needed to ensure the safety and comfort of the operator. In wet or icy conditions, tires with special treads or chains may be required to provide adequate traction and prevent accidents.
Indoor space restrictions: Will the forklift be operating in an area with limited space or low ceilings? In these cases, a forklift with a smaller turning radius or a lower height may be necessary to avoid collisions or damage to the facility.
Considering these factors can help you choose a forklift that is well-suited to the specific environment in which it will be operating, ensuring that it performs well and safely.
“Understanding the primary use for the forklift is critical to determining which type of forklift is the best fit for your needs.”
What type of fuel source is preferred?
Considering the type of fuel that will be used in a forklift is an important factor to consider when choosing a forklift to buy. The type of fuel can impact the forklift’s performance, maintenance requirements, and environmental impact. Here are some of the most common types of fuel used in forklifts:
Electric: Electric forklifts are powered by batteries and are a popular choice for indoor operations due to their low noise levels and zero emissions. They require less maintenance than internal combustion engines and can be charged quickly and easily.
Propane: Propane forklifts are powered by liquid propane gas, which is stored in a tank on the forklift. They are a good choice for outdoor operations and are often used in construction or agricultural settings. They have a longer lifespan than electric forklifts and can be refueled quickly and easily.
Gasoline: Gasoline forklifts are powered by gasoline and are a good choice for outdoor operations. They are often used in construction or agricultural settings, and they can be refueled quickly and easily. However, they have higher emissions than propane or electric forklifts, and they require more maintenance.
Diesel: Diesel forklifts are powered by diesel fuel and are a good choice for outdoor operations. They have a longer lifespan than gasoline forklifts and are often used in construction or industrial settings. However, they have higher emissions than propane or electric forklifts, and they require more maintenance.
Natural gas: Natural gas forklifts are powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) and are a good choice for indoor or outdoor operations. They have lower emissions than diesel or gasoline forklifts and are often used in warehouse or distribution settings. They require less maintenance than internal combustion engines but may require special refueling equipment.
Considering your budget is an important factor to consider when choosing a forklift to buy.
Forklifts can vary widely in price depending on their size, features, and capabilities, and it’s important to choose a forklift that fits within your budget without sacrificing safety or performance. Here are some tips for buying a forklift within your budget.
Determine your needs: Before you begin shopping for a forklift, determine your needs based on the type of work you’ll be doing, the weight and height of the loads you’ll be lifting, and the environment in which you’ll be operating. This will help you narrow down your options and choose a forklift that fits your needs and budget.
Compare prices and features: Once you have a good idea of the type of forklift you need, compare prices and features from different manufacturers to find the best value for your budget. Keep in mind that a lower-priced forklift may not necessarily be the best value if it requires more maintenance or has a shorter lifespan.
Consider used or refurbished forklifts: If you’re working with a limited budget, consider purchasing a used or refurbished forklift. These options can be more affordable than buying a new forklift and can still provide reliable performance with proper maintenance and care.
Look for financing options: Many forklift manufacturers offer financing options that can help you spread the cost of the forklift over time, making it easier to fit within your budget. Be sure to compare different financing options to find the best one for your needs. What is the budget for purchasing the forklift?
What is the expected lifespan of the forklift?
Considering the expected lifespan of a forklift is an important factor when deciding which one to purchase, as it can impact the total cost of ownership and the return on investment for the forklift. Here are some factors that can affect the expected lifespan of a forklift:
Usage: How often and in what conditions the forklift is used can impact its lifespan. A forklift that is used for heavy-duty work in harsh environments will likely have a shorter lifespan than one that is used for lighter work in a cleaner environment.
Maintenance: Regular maintenance and proper care can extend the lifespan of a forklift. A forklift that is well-maintained will likely last longer than one that is not properly cared for.
Brand and quality: The brand and quality of the forklift can also impact its lifespan. A well-built and reliable forklift from a reputable manufacturer may have a longer lifespan than a cheaper or lower quality forklift.
Technology and features: The technology and features of the forklift can also impact its lifespan. A forklift with advanced features and technology may have a longer lifespan than a basic or older model.
Age: The age of the forklift can also impact its lifespan. Older forklifts may require more maintenance and repairs and may be more prone to breakdowns and malfunctions.
When considering the expected lifespan of a forklift, it’s important to weigh all these factors and choose a forklift that is well-suited to your specific needs and usage patterns. Investing in a high-quality forklift that is properly maintained can help extend its lifespan and provide a better return on investment over time.
“…..it’s important to choose a forklift that fits within your budget without sacrificing safety or performance.”
What maintenance requirements and costs are associated with the forklift?
Forklifts, like any other machinery, require regular maintenance to ensure they operate safely and efficiently. The specific maintenance requirements and costs associated with a forklift will depend on the type of forklift, the frequency of use, the operating environment, and other factors. Here are some common maintenance requirements and costs associated with forklifts:
Regular inspections: Forklifts require regular inspections to ensure they are operating safely and efficiently. This may include visual inspections, functional checks, and performance tests. The frequency of inspections will depend on the type of forklift and its usage patterns.
Fluid changes: Forklifts require regular fluid changes, including oil changes, coolant changes, and hydraulic fluid changes. The frequency of fluid changes will depend on the type of forklift and its usage patterns.
Battery maintenance: Electric forklifts require regular battery maintenance, including cleaning, watering, and charging. Battery replacement can be a significant expense, so proper maintenance is important to extend the battery’s lifespan.
Tire replacement: Forklift tires can wear out over time and may need to be replaced. The cost of tire replacement will depend on the type of forklift and the type of tires needed.
Repairs: Forklifts may require repairs due to normal wear and tear or unexpected breakdowns. The cost of repairs will depend on the extent of the damage and the cost of replacement parts.
Training and certifications: Proper forklift maintenance requires trained and certified technicians, which can add to the overall cost of maintenance.
Overall, the cost of forklift maintenance will depend on a variety of factors, including the type of forklift, the frequency of use, and the operating environment. Regular maintenance is essential to ensure safe and efficient operation, and investing in proper maintenance can help extend the lifespan of the forklift and provide a better return on investment over time.
What safety features are included with the forklift?
Forklifts come with various safety features to protect the operator and other workers in the area. Some common safety features that may be included with a forklift are operator restraints, overhead guard, backup alarm, load capacity indicators, emergency stop button, tilt alarm, speed limiters and proximity sensors.
These are just some examples of the safety features that may be included with a forklift. It’s important to choose a forklift that has the appropriate safety features for your specific needs and operating environment. Proper use of these safety features can help prevent accidents and injuries in the workplace.
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