For most manufacturers, buying an industrial laser cutting machine is a major investment. Its not just the initial price you pay, but the fact that the purchase will have a great impact on the entire manufacturing process. If the wrong equipment is chosen, you have to live with the decision for quite a long time. It is not unusual to see manufacturers keep a laser for seven to 10 years.
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Do you know the best way to go about purchasing a laser cutting machine? Even if you currently own one, how long ago did you buy it, and what has changed since then?
This guide should help you in making a capital purchase decision that will drive your manufacturing operations to new heights.
Perhaps the real question is, Should I even be buying a laser cutting machine? For many reasons, investing in a different cutting system may make more sense for a companys manufacturing activities. Investigating all available options can minimize any possible regrets in the future.
Depending on the part volume, a stamping press may deliver the lowest cost per part. When speaking of metal forming in a press, however, you also are talking about the need to invest in tooling. Stamping also presents the ability to perform multiple tasks, such as forming and tapping, as part of the production process.
A traditional turret punch press can cut out holes and shapes economically, but, again, it involves tooling. A punching machine also cant match the production speeds of laser cutting machines. As with a stamping press, some forming can be done on the punch press.
A high-definition plasma system is good for thick materials and for applications in which the edge quality isnt critical. An abrasive waterjet also is good for thick materials and for applications in which the metal cant have a heat-affected zone, which is a problem with most thermal cutting methods. Both plasma and waterjet cutting systems cost less than laser cutting machines, but many times do not match the lasers cutting speed. Of course, plasma cutting and waterjet systems can boost productivity with the use of multiple heads and the ability to cut stacked blanks; the application obviously would influence what exactly you need.
A company that doesnt have a laser cutting machine generally subcontracts the work to one or several job shops with that capability. This scenario doesnt involve a lot of risk and can work if you have some flexibility with lead times.
But there will come that time when you have to ask yourself if it is time for the company to bring laser cutting in-house. This has to be considered even if the business relationship with the subcontractor is great.
How do you know if it is the right time to own a laser? Look at how much you are spending monthly for laser-cut parts. In the words of Henry Ford, If you need a machine and dont buy it, then you will ultimately find that you have paid for it and dont have it.
If the decision is made to bring laser cutting in-house, you may be put in a position where you need to justify why the investment needs to be made. The costs associated with subcontracting out the laser cutting are just the starting point for the justification. How much more productive will the manufacturing process be with in-house laser cutting? How does this affect lead times? From an expense standpoint, not only do you have the cost of the laser cutting machine, you have labor and consumable costs, such as laser cutting assist gas.
Figuring out these answers will give upper management or even a lending institution an idea about production savings and subsequent return on investment following the initial investment.
Other than monetary issues, when manufacturers offer reasons as to why they are looking at purchasing a laser cutting machine, they mention control. Ask yourself these questions to see if you fall into this category:
As a manufacturer, you have numerous sources to purchase a laser cutting machine. There are dealers that specialize in used equipment and original equipment manufacturers that offer state-of-the-art cutting equipment and even refurbished machines that may not have the production prowess of new machines, but still can perform much more efficiently than machines of a similar age with no rework done to them.
Ask the OEMs questions about service availability. Todays technology does not require as much maintenance, but when a machine goes down, youll want it back up and running as soon as possible. Also find out about parts availability and delivery. Again, a laser cutting machine that cant cut because of a damaged part just doesnt cut it.
Be aware that laser cutting machines from OEMs that are recognizable in the industry typically have higher resale values.
Two types of lasers currently make up a majority of the industrial market: traditional CO2 gas lasers and newer solid-state fiber lasers (see Figure 1). CO2 lasers have been the workhorses of the metal fabricating industry for the previous two decades. These lasers operate by running electricity through a gas-filled resonator (which includes CO2) and using mirrors to focus and deliver the beam. In a fiber laser, banks of diodes are used to create the laser, and it is channeled and amplified through fiber-optic cable, similar to that used in the telecommunication industry.
The fiber laser, which made its debut around , has lower operating costs and delivers higher cutting speeds than the CO2 laser. Early on the fiber technology could cut at these higher speeds only on thin materials, but with the advent of more powerful lasers, fiber lasers are demonstrating robust cutting speeds even in 0.5-in.-thick material. As a result, fiber lasers tend to be a popular choice, despite their higher price.
Also, fiber technology may open new opportunities for a fabricator. These machines can cut reflective material, such as brass and copper, whereas it is difficult for CO2 lasers.
Some applications still remain better suited to CO2 lasers, such as applications that require good edge quality on thicker or specialized materials. Also, some manufacturers may feel comfortable with CO2 technology because theyve used it for several years, and the company has in-house maintenance expertise.
After the end of the warranty period, keep in mind that you will have to make a decision about ongoing maintenance. Are you comfortable relying primarily on the OEM for service, or do you like to be self-sufficient, perhaps relying on a third-party source for any maintenance? Because the fiber laser has fewer moving parts or mirrors when it comes to laser generating, unlike a conventional CO2 resonator, it will require less maintenance over its lifetime.
Choosing some level of automatic material handling equipment also is an important consideration. This is even more important today, primarily because of the significantly faster cutting speeds of the fiber laser technology (see Figure 2).
Thats why its necessary to understand just how you will use this new laser cutting capability. Do you plan to run the laser only a few hours each day or multiple shifts? Based on the typical time to process a sheet of material, can your operator keep up with manually loading and unloading the laser, even if it has a second shuttle table? How important is minimizing the labor cost in the part production to making a profit and remaining competitive in your business?
Sometimes metal fabricators choose not to buy material handling automation immediately. If you choose this route, ensure that pallet systems or even an automated storage and retrieval tower can be added easily in the future.
In many instances, manufacturers are already using a software package that everyone is used to. Will that software be able to work efficiently with the new laser cutting machine, or will you be better off purchasing the OEMs software? If the latter, what new capabilities come with the new software?
As more of the manufacturing world is talking about increased interconnectivity among machines and software systems, it behooves you to ask if the new software is capable of running other machines already in place on the shop floor. Additionally, its worth having a conversation as to how the laser might integrate into the companys network. Laser cutting speeds arent the only thing increasing at an incredibly fast pace; collecting pertinent manufacturing information in the blink of an eye is leading to more timely and impactful decision making for manufacturers.
With such a large investment, a manufacturer needs to know at what level of efficiency the equipment is operating. You need to know more than just if the machine is running or not running. This is where equipment performance monitoring comes in.
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Its important for you to find out if software can measure the laser cutting machines overall equipment efficiency (OEE) in real time. If so, can the software be used for your other laser cutting machines, if you have them, so that you might discover hidden capacity where you thought there was none?
With the cost of about 1 percent of the equipment price, monitoring software can provide a 10 to 50 percent productivity gain with paybacks of less than four months.
While some manufacturers pay cash for a laser, the majority use some method to finance the purchase. Dont assume that your bank is the best source for funding the laser equipment purchase. Look at other alternatives, including the OEM, many of which own their own financing arms.
Also, dont assume you will receive better service if you choose the OEMs financing option.
Preparation is required for a successful delivery and installation. First, what type of foundation, if any, is going to be required? Second, the laser cutting machine has to be located in the right place in the facility, preferably away from harsh environmental areas. You also should have found the best location for the laser so that it contributes to an efficient flow of laser-cut blanks to downstream manufacturing processes.
For a lot of companies, the delivery of a new piece of major manufacturing equipment is a new experience. The company that supplied the laser cutting machine can answer your questions about shipping and rigging; they do this all the time.
Answering these questions and obtaining quotes based on the feedback can be used to narrow down the selection of the supplier of a laser cutting machine to two to three sources. From there you need to find the right model, ask the right questions during equipment demonstrations, and work toward an acceptable price. Remember, there are many important items to discuss during the final negotiation.
The purchase of such a machine can be an overwhelming task. Thats why it might make sense to join an industry association, such as the Fabricators & Manufacturers Association, to network with manufacturing peers to learn from them, or even seek out the assistance of someone that has been through or is familiar with this type of industrial equipment purchase. Such an effort likely would prove to be worthwhile.
When choosing a laser cutter, understanding the different types is critical. Each type has unique strengths and is suited for specific materials and applications. Here's a breakdown of the three main categories:
When buying a laser cutter, understanding its features is just as important as choosing the right type. Each feature plays a role in the machine's performance and suitability for specific tasks, so its essential to match them with your needs.
One of the most critical factors is power and wattage. The power of the laser determines how effectively it can cut through materials and the speed at which it operates. Higher wattage machines can handle thicker materials and complete projects more quickly. For instance, a 40W CO2 laser is suitable for lightweight tasks like engraving, but if youre planning to cut through thick acrylic or hardwood, a 100W or higher machine would be more appropriate.
The cutting area is another key consideration. This refers to the maximum workspace the laser cutter can accommodate. A larger cutting area is ideal for users who work on large-scale projects, such as signs or furniture designs, while a smaller one is sufficient for hobbyists or those focusing on smaller crafts. Be sure to consider the available space in your workshop or home studio, as larger machines can take up significant room.
Precision and accuracy are especially important for intricate designs. A laser cutter with a high-resolution lens system can create detailed engravings and sharp cuts, making it ideal for fine art, jewelry design, or custom product manufacturing. However, precision often comes at a higher cost, so balance this need with your budget.
When it comes to usability, software compatibility can make or break your experience. Many laser cutters come with proprietary software, but others support popular third-party programs like Adobe Illustrator or CorelDRAW. Ensure the machine can work with the file formats youre comfortable using, such as SVG, DXF, or AI. A user-friendly interface can also save you time and frustration, especially if youre new to laser cutting.
Dont overlook the cooling system, which helps regulate the machines temperature during operation. Most CO2 lasers require water cooling, which involves an external chiller to prevent the laser tube from overheating. Smaller diode lasers often use air cooling, which is more straightforward but less effective for high-powered operations. The type of cooling system you need will depend on your machines wattage and workload.
By carefully evaluating these features, youll ensure that your laser cutter meets your project requirements and delivers consistent, high-quality results. Its worth investing time in understanding how these factors align with your goals to make the most informed decision.
The materials a laser cutter can handle define its versatility, making it crucial to match the machine with your intended projects.
CO2 laser cutters excel at cutting and engraving non-metal materials like wood, acrylic, leather, and glass, making them ideal for artistic and small business applications. However, they struggle with metals unless paired with special attachments. Fibre laser cutters, by contrast, are designed for metals, handling materials like stainless steel, aluminium, and brass with precision, making them perfect for industrial use but less versatile for non-metal projects. Diode lasers, while more affordable, are best for light engraving on wood and plastic, with limited cutting depth and power.
Material thickness is another key factor. Higher-wattage CO2 and fibre lasers can handle thicker materials, while diode lasers are restricted to thinner substrates. Each type also offers a unique finish: CO2 lasers produce smooth edges on acrylic, and fibre lasers deliver clean cuts on metal. Choosing a laser cutter that aligns with your material needs ensures better results and broader creative possibilities.
The cost of a laser cutter varies significantly based on its type and features. Entry-level diode lasers start at a few hundred dollars, while mid-range CO2 lasers range from $2,000 to $10,000. Industrial fibre lasers for metalwork can exceed $100,000.
Beyond the initial cost, consider maintenance expenses like replacing CO2 laser tubes or cooling systems, which can add up over time. Fibre lasers, while durable, still require occasional upkeep. Electricity usage and cooling needs also affect ongoing costs, especially for high-wattage machines.
For hobbyists, a smaller laser offers good value, while businesses may find higher-end machines worth the investment due to their speed and precision. Balancing upfront costs with long-term value ensures a sustainable choice for your projects.
When purchasing a laser cutter, deciding where to buy is just as important as choosing the right machine. Online marketplaces like Amazon and Alibaba offer a wide range of options, often at competitive prices. Brands such as xTool are frequently available on these platforms, providing accessible entry points for beginners and hobbyists. However, the trade-off with online shopping is the inability to see the machine in action before purchasing. Its important to read reviews carefully and ensure the seller has a solid reputation for quality and customer service.
Specialty retailers and authorised distributors, particularly those that carry brands like xTool, offer distinct advantages. They often provide in-depth product knowledge, technical support, and better after-sales service. Local distributors are particularly valuable for ensuring quick access to replacement parts, troubleshooting assistance, and warranty claims. These benefits can save significant time and frustration compared to dealing with overseas suppliers.
If possible, testing a laser cutter in person before buying can make a big difference. Visiting a showroom or attending a trade show allows you to see the machines performance firsthand and evaluate whether it meets your needs. xTool, for example, frequently showcases its products at events, offering hands-on demonstrations that help potential buyers make informed decisions.
Ultimately, the best place to buy depends on your priorities. If cost is your main concern, online marketplaces may be the way to go. However, if after-sales support and hands-on guidance are important, working with a trusted local distributor or specialty retailer is a smart choice.
Choosing the right laser cutter requires careful consideration of type, features, material compatibility, and budget. It's important to invest in a machine that suits both your current and future needs, ensuring long-term value. Take your time to research, test, and seek expert advice to make an informed decision. With the right cutter, youll unlock endless creative possibilities and achieve lasting satisfaction in your projects.
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