Here are the four basic factors that affect chiller sizing and selection:
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1. Desired coolant temperature. This is the coolant temperature at the inlet of your process or equipment. It is important to measure the temperature at this point to allow for coolant heating as it travels from the chiller to the process. The longer the distance to be covered, the higher the potential heat gain. This heat gain can be minimized by insulating the cooling line and positioning the chiller as closely as practical to the equipment or process being cooled.
2. Heat load. This is the amount of heat that needs to be removed. It is usually expressed in BTU/hour or watts. The heat load value is often provided by the equipment manufacturer. If not, it can be calculated using the following formula:
Heat load = Flow rate x Fluid density x Fluid specific heat x Constant x ∆T°
BTU/hour
Watts
Flow rate=
Gallons/minute
Liters/minute
Fluid density=
Pounds/gallon
Grams/liter
Fluid specific heat=
BTU/pound°F
Joules/gram°C
Constant=
60
0.
∆T° = the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures of the equipment being cooled=
°F
°C
Properties of Common Cooling Fluid
Fluid Density
Specific Heat
Lbs/gal
Grams/liter
BTU/lb°F
Joules/gram°C
Contact us to discuss your requirements of Brine Chillers. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.
Water @ 77° (25°C)8.333
1
4.181
50% water, 50% propylene glycol @ 50°F (10°C)8.744
.25
0.835
3.493
50% water, 50% ethylene glycol @ 50°F (10°C)8.992
.72
0.776
3.245
It is generally recommended that 20 to 50% be added to the calculated heat load to provide a safety factor if the chiller will be operated at ambient temperatures above 68°F (20°C) or at high altitude, or if the heat output of the device is variable. This will also provide a margin of safety for future cooling needs. That said, resist the temptation to build more of a safety margin into your chiller than is necessary; an oversized chiller will not cool your equipment any more effectively but will cost more to purchase and operate.
3. Coolant flow and pressure. These parameters are normally provided by the equipment manufacturer and are a function of the surface area and the heat transfer characteristics of the process/material being cooled. It is crucial that your chiller deliver coolant at the proper flow rate and pressure — if the flow rate or pressure is too high, the equipment being cooled may be damaged; if it is too low, the heat removal will be inadequate. Your chiller supplier can help you specify the type and size of coolant pump most suitable for your needs.
4. Condenser heat dissipation. The final factor influencing chiller/heat exchanger selection is how the heat removed will be dissipated. Devices with air-cooled condensers exhaust heat into the surrounding air and require only power and ventilation for operation. Devices with water-cooled condensers transfer heat to the facility’s cooling water supply. Chillers with remote condensers (i.e., the condenser is located outside the facility) are also available. These are quieter, require less space, and do not add heat to the building interior, thus reducing summer cooling costs. However, they are more expensive to install and are not easily relocated.
Naturally, there are other factors — such as heating capability, remote temperature tracking, DI water capability, etc. — that affect how a chiller is ultimately configured. Conscientious chiller vendors will take all these into consideration when helping you select the best chiller for your particular application.
Be prepared to provide the following information when contacting your chiller supplier:
Heat is a single common by-product of today‘s manufacturing machines that include the advanced automation technology required for both high speed operation and high precision. Components such as spindle motors, variable frequency drives, laser and x-ray sources all require cooling to operate properly and reliably – most often in the very adverse manufacturing environments.
With manufacturing space at a premium, machine packages have become smaller and liquid cooling has emerged as the most efficient and economical means of removing process heat. Liquid cooling is especially well adapted to hot, dirty environments, where it provides a method of removing the heat from the machine and not contributing additional heat back into the environment.
It is important to determine the heat load of your application to ensure the chosen chiller is big enough for the intended application.
There are several ways to determine the heat load (in kW) but understanding the process is essential to calculating an accurate heat load.
When the heat load is known, the next step is to determine the coolant, its target temperature and the flow rate that the chiller must provide to the process. This is determined by the method from which the heat is transferred from the process to the coolant and the type of coolant being used. For example, water has different characteristics than oil.
Now use the chiller performance curves available to select a chiller model that meets or exceeds the required capacity based on the chilled water supply temperature and the highest expected ambient air temperature. Consideration should be given to the safety margin of the application with respect to available frame sizes to maximise the value of the chiller selection. Find all Pfannenberg chillers performance curves in the related product page.
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Pfannenberg offers a versatile range of packaged chillers, ranging in sizes from 1 kW to 150 kW insuring the proper capacity available for most applications. These packaged chillers are ready to use requiring only piping and power to install as part of your solution for process cooling applications – we‘ll even provide the coolant.
Ethylene & propylene glycol coolants, with proper corrosion inhibitors are available in a variety of packaging options – both full strength and pre-mixed. Each chiller model includes the pump, tank, refrigeration system and controls required for simple installation and reliable, efficient operation.
Our knowledgeable applications staff is always on hand to discuss the application and to make sure that a proper selection is made. With our many available equipment options we can easily customise our standard chillers to meet specific application requirements.
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