Centrifugal pumps can be found in many industrial applications. They offer excellent operating efficiency and versatility in terms of pressure and liquid flow. In-line centrifugal pumps will be available in different configurations: horizontal and vertical.
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What is the difference between the two types of inline centrifugal pumps? And, which one is right for your process application? The following will answer your questions.
The first and most obvious difference is the orientation of the shaft. Horizontal centrifugal pumps have a horizontally oriented shaft, usually between bearings or between cantilevers. Vertical centrifugal pumps, meanwhile, have vertically oriented shafts. The shafts are designed to be radially dissected and overhung.
Deciding which pump to use in your operation may come down to several factors. These include the overall ease of operating and maintaining the pump, installation space and functionality. With this in mind, we will now look at some of the advantages and disadvantages of each pump design.
On the positive side, horizontal centrifugal pumps are easier to install and maintain with easily accessible internal components. You can choose the right shaft design to provide the desired pumping pressure. Low suction applications are best served by using overhanging shafts, while you need built-in bearing shafts to achieve high suction. Horizontal centrifugal pumps can be easily and securely attached to external accessories such as turbines, electric motors or fuel engines. Finally, the low headroom of horizontal pumps makes them ideal for indoor applications where vertical space is often compact.
On the downside, if your plant is concerned about footprint, a horizontal centrifugal pump will take up a larger footprint. In general, horizontal pumps operate at lower temperatures and pressures compared to vertical pumps. You also don't want to use a horizontal centrifugal pump for applications that require more NPSH (net positive suction pressure head) than a particular pump can provide. In this sense, it has a limited capacity.
When you have a limited surface area and need a smaller footprint, vertical centrifugal pumps are sure to take up less floor space. They are ideal for high temperature and pressure fluids and can be modified from NPSH to handle a wider range of applications.
Vertical pumps require a lot of headroom, which makes them more difficult to install and maintain. Most also require a pit and bucket (especially for larger multistage pumps). Vertical centrifugal pumps can also only be coupled to an electric motor. Some operational challenges arise at high suction pressures due to the difficulty of balancing axial thrust with overhanging shaft designs. Likewise, liquids with high concentrations of dissolved gases are difficult to handle and can lead to mechanical seal failure.
Selecting and configuring the right horizontal or vertical pump for your application is critical, so you need to work with an expert like HAOSH to get all the answers you need before making a final pump decision. Let us help you find the best pump for your needs. Contact us to learn more about centrifugal pumps and accessories.
Despite their apparent simplicity, centrifugal pumps come in a wide range of types, sizes, shapes, standards, stages, speeds, sealing and other design features, construction materials, orientations, and so on.
Experts benefit from more options because they provide a broader range of options. More options, on the other hand, cause more confusion for beginners because they expand the selection criteria.
One of the most frequently asked questions is whether a horizontal pump is superior to a vertical pump, or how to select the proper type of pump.
Let's a comparison between horizontal and vertical centrifugal pump
Horizontal pump
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Vertical pump
Similarities:
Both pumps use the same basic principle of centrifugal force to move liquids through the impeller and into the discharge pipe.
Both horizontal and vertical pumps can handle similar types of liquids, such as water, oil, and chemicals.
Both types of pumps are available in a range of sizes and materials to meet different performance and durability requirements.
Specific speed options and radial mixed axial flow options are available
Both can have different impeller configurations like open/ semi-open/ Closed.
All sealing methods (Mechanical seal, Packing seal) are available in both the options
Differences:
Design: Horizontal centrifugal pumps have a horizontal shaft and an impeller that rotates within a casing. Vertical centrifugal pumps, on the other hand, have a vertically-oriented shaft and an impeller that is suspended within a casing.
Space requirements: Horizontal centrifugal pumps are typically larger in size and require more space for installation as compared to vertical centrifugal pumps. Vertical pumps are more compact and occupy less space, making them suitable for applications where space is limited. Eg. offshore Platform
Installation requirements: Horizontal pump installation is more complex than vertical inline pump design. Alignment is necessary among pump, piping, and motor mounting. Vertical pumps are easy to install, being inline design can be simply suspended like a valve in piping works
Flow rate: Horizontal centrifugal pumps can generate higher flow rates than vertical centrifugal pumps. As a result, they are well-suited for large-scale applications requiring high flow rates. Vertical centrifugal pumps, on the other hand, are better suited for applications requiring a low flow rate.
NPSH requirement: NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) is the amount of pressure required to prevent cavitation in a pump. Horizontal centrifugal pumps typically have a lower NPSH requirement than vertical centrifugal pumps, making them more suitable for applications where the liquid source is low.
Maintenance: Horizontal centrifugal pumps are easier to maintain compared to vertical centrifugal pumps, as they have more accessible parts and require less disassembly.
Drivers types: Horizontal pumps for electric motors, diesel engines, and gearboxes. Vertical pumps good for motor drive
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