This is a debate that has faded somewhat in recent years, with contractors having a more clear-cut understand of the pros and cons of both technologies. Amid safety concerns about ozone, hydroxyl generators seem to have become the preferred odor removal tool for many restorers. However, there are still some instances where ozone is used.
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Here is what we know:
1) Ozone deals with odors quicker than hydroxyl radicals.
"Ozone reacts with odor molecules by transferring the 'extra' oxygen atom of the ozone molecule to the odor molecule, changing its composition so it no longer has the same chemical makeup. This chemical reaction is called oxidation." - David Hart, RamAir International | Read More
2) Ozone cannot be used in occupied spaces.
"Ozone is faster than hydroxyl at removing odors but must only be used in unoccupied areas. Ozone is great at removing any organic gaseous compound once the source has been removed. Ozone is great for use on mold, mildew, smoke, VOCs, bacteria, virus, etc." - Russ McCubbin, International Ozone | Read More
3) Ozone can break down/harm materials within a space.
"This method has been used to deodorize contents and structures on fire losses for decades. Why? Because it works. However, it does have its drawbacks now that we understand more about the potential dangers to humans exposed to ozone, as well as potential damage to certain sensitive materials." - Jeff Heyd, Concrobium | Read More
1) Hydroxyl generators are generally accepted as safe to use in occupied spaces.
"The biggest challenge was the sheer volume of square footage that needed to be deodorized quickly so that the offices could stay open and the courts could be usable when needed. Again, this is why we had 76 Hydroxyl XL-3 units ASAP ' they arrived the same day. This helped us put the client at ease, and further secure the loss." - Greg Dennison, ServiceMaster by Disaster Recon | Read More
"We conclude that hydroxyl generators do not exacerbate the safety risk one encounters in post-fire environments. Instead, they rapidly break down complex compounds and expedite the cleaning process." - Michael Pinto, Wonder Makers Environmental | Read More
2) They do not damage contents.
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Annissa unveils her preferred odor removal methods in this video!
Hydroxyl generators and ozone machines are the go-to methods for odor removal in building restoration. Both attack the source of odors by altering their molecular structure, making ozone and hydroxyl very effective at eliminating odors. However, the two utilize very different technologies, begging the question'which is best?
Ozone machines generate ozone (O3), a highly reactive molecule of three oxygen atoms. Ozone effectively eliminates odors and destroys organic contaminants by oxidizing them. It penetrates porous materials and reaches areas where conventional cleaning methods might not, making it a popular choice for odor removal in buildings affected by fire, smoke, or water damage.
On the other hand, hydroxyl generators use a different approach. They produce hydroxyl radicals (OH'), powerful oxidizing agents formed naturally in the atmosphere. Hydroxyl radicals react with and neutralize odors, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), bacteria, viruses, and mold spores, without leaving any harmful residues. Unlike ozone, hydroxyl generators are safe for use in occupied spaces, offering continuous odor elimination without evacuation. The hydroxyls can also penetrate porous material and help eliminate odors within the contents.
Ozone machines are known for their rapid odor-elimination capabilities. They can effectively neutralize strong odors relatively quickly due to ozone's ability to build up quickly in an environment. However, ozone machines cannot be used in occupied areas, as they harm people, pets, and plants. Additionally, ozone can damage certain materials, including rubber, plastic, fabric, paints, and metals.
Hydroxyl generators provide a more gradual but continuous odor-removal process. Hydroxyls are more reactive than ozone, which allows them to break down a more comprehensive range of odors and pathogens, including odors, VOCs, bacteria, and mold spores. While it may take longer for hydroxyl generators to achieve similar results as ozone machines, they offer the advantage of being safe for use in occupied areas, allowing for continuous operation without disrupting daily activities. Hydroxyl generators also don't leave a chemical-like residual smell like ozone machines.
One of the primary concerns with ozone machines is their potential health hazards. High levels of ozone can harm humans and pets, causing respiratory issues and other health problems. For this reason, proper safety precautions, including evacuation of the treated area during operation and adequate ventilation afterward, are essential when using ozone machines.
Hydroxyl generators, on the other hand, are considered much safer for use in occupied spaces. Since they produce hydroxyl radicals naturally found in the atmosphere, they pose no health risks to humans or pets. This makes them ideal for use in homes, offices, hospitals, and other occupied areas.
Ozone machines are particularly effective in situations where strong odors need to be quickly eliminated, such as after fire or flood damage. However, their use may be limited in occupied spaces due to safety concerns.
Hydroxyl generators are versatile and appropriate for a wide range of restoration scenarios. Their ability to safely operate in occupied areas makes them ideal for continuous purification and odor control in homes, offices, hotels, hospitals, and other commercial spaces.
Both ozone machines and hydroxyl generators have their strengths and weaknesses when it comes to eliminating odors. While ozone machines offer rapid odor elimination, they come with safety concerns and limitations in occupied spaces. Hydroxyl generators, on the other hand, can take longer to remove odors but do so without compromising safety or damaging surrounding contents.
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