Cartesian robots, which are also called linear robots or gantry robots, are industrial robots that work on three linear axes that use the Cartesian Coordinate system (X, Y, and Z), meaning they move in straight lines on 3-axis (up and down, in and out, and side to side). Cartesian robots are a popular choice due to being highly flexible in their configurations, giving users the ability to adjust the robot's speed, precision, stroke length, and size. Cartesian Robots are one of the most commonly used robot types for industrial applications and are often used for CNC machines and 3D printing.
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ARTICULATED ROBOT
Advantages: Joints allow flexibility of movement. As a result, a broad range of tasks may be performed.
Disadvantages: Articulated robots are more costly compared with other robot arms, and require more sophisticated control systems.
The most common industrial robot structure is the articulated arm, which accounts for 60% of installations worldwide, according to the International Federation of Robots. These robots resemble a human arm and have structures analogous to a shoulder, elbow, and wrist.
Articulated robots have between two to 10 joints which allows them a flexible range of motion to accomplish dynamic tasks. As the number of joints increases, the more 'smooth' the robot's motions become.
Typically, articulated arms can pivot six degrees of freedom. Although this is less than that of the human arm which can rotate seven degrees of freedom, the range of motion is sufficient for almost any task.
The robotic arm may be attached to a gripper, which is analogous to a hand. The gripper may be as simple as suction cups or as complex as hand-like structures with fingers that can grip and pick up objects.
Similar to robot type, the type of gripper is dependent on the task. Alternatively, grippers may be drill bits, sanders, lasers, and almost any type of specialized tool.
Because of their flexible range of motion allowed by joints, articulated robots have many applications. They are used most often for printing, packaging, welding, machine tending, material handling, and metalwork.
SCARA ROBOTS
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Advantages: Cost-effective, accurate, and proficient in a variety of assembly approaches.
Disadvantages: Limited range of motion and less efficient than Delta robots
SCARA is an acronym for Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm and describes robots with two parallel rotary joints. While SCARA robots are faster than Cartesian robots, they are less precise. Though they are able to move along all three axes, these robots specialize in lateral movements.
SCARA robots revolutionized small electronic manufacturing because of their small footprint, simplicity, and low cost. They are particularly well-suited for assembly applications. The 'C' in SCARA stands for 'compliance' and refers to the small amount of 'give' in its horizontal plane. However, SCARA robots are rigid in their vertical plane, hence the naming structure of 'selective compliance'.
SCARA robot's selective compliance is helpful for inserting parts into single-planes like circuit boards. Fitting a part into a hole requires some rigidity that is not possible with other types of robotic arms. However, SCARA robots have lower weight limits and fewer degrees of freedom due to this design.
CARTESIAN (RECTANGULAR) ROBOTS
Advantages: Can be more cost-effective and have simpler controls, with greater accuracy.
Disadvantages: Can only move linearly in three dimensions.
Cartesian robots operate on three linear axes (forwards and backward, up and down, and side to side). They get their namesake because they operate on the Cartesian Coordinate system (X,Y, and Z). In other words, they move horizontally and vertically in each ninety-degree plane.
Cartesian robots are frequently utilized for material handling, 3D printing, packaging, drilling, and storage or retrieval. Because Cartesian robots only operate linearly in three dimensions, their actions are more accurate. Additionally, they are more cost-effective and have simpler controls.
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