Buying construction equipment, whether new or used, can be a daunting task. Balancing your budget while ensuring you get a high-quality excavator requires careful consideration and research. In this comprehensive guide, we will provide you with insider tips and tricks to help you make an informed decision when buying a used excavator.
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Overview of Buying a Used Excavator
Before diving into the details, it's essential to have a clear understanding of your budget. Knowing your financial limitations will help you narrow down your options and avoid unnecessary expenses in repairs and maintenance. It's crucial to set a realistic budget and stick to it throughout the buying process.
When buying a used excavator, it's important to inspect its exterior condition for signs of wear and tear. Look out for dents, cracks, and bends, as these can indicate heavy use and potential damage. While some wear and tear are normal, significant damage may suggest that the excavator was misused or mishandled by its previous owner.
Next, carefully examine the hydraulics of the excavator for any leaks. Inspect all cylinders, hoses, and lines, as well as the hydraulic pump compartment. Addressing any hydraulic system issues before finalizing the purchase is essential to avoid costly repairs down the line.
One crucial aspect to consider is the accuracy of the hour meter. The hour meter provides valuable information about the machine's usage and overall condition. Ensure that the hour meter is functioning correctly and verify its reading. A broken or tampered hour meter could indicate hidden issues and affect the excavator's longevity.
Another critical factor to assess is the swing radius movement. Excessive play or abnormal movement in the slew ring can lead to damage and safety hazards. Thoroughly inspect the connection points, bushings, and pins for any signs of wear or weakness.
Lastly, evaluate the condition of the bucket and attachments. Excessive wear on the bucket teeth or attachment points can affect the excavator's efficiency and performance. Research parts availability and maintenance support to ensure you can easily replace or repair attachments if needed.
Don't forget to consider the condition of the tires and compare prices from different sellers. This will help you make an informed decision and potentially negotiate a better deal.
Tips for Inspecting: Exterior
Checking for Dents, Cracks, and Bends
When examining a used excavator, pay close attention to its exterior surfaces for any signs of damage. Look for dents, cracks, and bends, especially in areas such as the boom, stick, bucket, and slew ring. While some wear and tear are expected, significant damage could indicate misuse or inadequate maintenance.
Inspect the connection point welds between the boom and stick, as well as the stick and bucket, for any cracks. Cracks in these areas may require expensive replacements and affect the excavator's overall performance.
Examining for Signs of Misuse and Rental History
Aside from visible damage, it's essential to evaluate the excavator for signs of misuse or a rental history. Amateur users may mishandle the machine, leading to accelerated wear and tear. Look out for reduced functionality or any indications that the excavator was not operated by professionals.
If possible, request maintenance records to gain insight into the machine's history. A well-maintained excavator is more likely to be in better condition and have a longer lifespan.
Tips for Inspecting: Hydraulics
Checking for Leaks
One of the critical components of an excavator is its hydraulic system. Inspect all cylinders, hoses, and lines for any signs of leaks. Pay close attention to the hydraulic pump compartment, as leaks in this area can indicate potential issues with the system.
If you encounter hydraulic system damage during the inspection, consider negotiating with the seller to have them repair it before finalizing the purchase. Addressing any hydraulic issues upfront can save you from costly repairs in the future.
Examining Cylinders, Hoses, and Lines
In addition to checking for leaks, thoroughly examine the condition of the cylinders, hoses, and lines. Look for any signs of wear or damage, such as cracks or bulges. Ensure that all components are in good shape and working properly.
Proper functioning hydraulics are essential for the excavator's performance and efficiency. Investing in a machine with a well-maintained hydraulic system will save you time and money in the long run.
Validating Hour Meter Accuracy
Checking Hour Meter Functionality
The hour meter provides valuable information about the excavator's usage and overall lifespan. It's crucial to ensure that the hour meter is functioning correctly. Verify that it accurately tracks the machine's operating hours.
If you notice any issues with the hour meter's functionality, it's essential to address them. A broken or malfunctioning hour meter can provide inaccurate information about the machine's usage and affect its resale value.
Authenticating Hour Meter Reading
While checking the functionality of the hour meter is important, it's equally crucial to validate the accuracy of its reading. If you have any doubts about the hour meter's reliability, look for additional signs of wear and tear that align with the displayed operating hours.
Inspect the control pedals for excessive wear, as this could indicate that the excavator has logged more hours than the meter suggests. Be cautious when dealing with a machine that has a questionable hour meter reading, as this could affect its overall performance and longevity.
Evaluating Swing Radius Movement
Checking the Slew Ring for Play or Abnormal Movement
Assessing the swing radius movement of a used excavator is essential to avoid potential damage and safety hazards. When the hydraulic excavator housing rotates, operation should be tight and smooth. Excessive play or abnormal movement in the slew ring can lead to costly repairs or even accidents on the job site.
Rotate the housing to a quarter turn and check for any play or movement in the slew ring. If you detect anything unusual, this could be a sign of damage or wear and may require further investigation or repair before purchasing the machine.
Examining Connection Points for Loose Play
Inspect the connection points between the stick, boom, and bucket for any signs of loose play or movement. Tight pins and bearings are crucial for the excavator's accuracy and performance. Any looseness in these areas could affect the machine's overall functionality.
If you find any issues related to the connection points, consider negotiating with the seller to have them repaired before finalizing the purchase. Investing in a well-maintained excavator will save you time and money in the long run.
Assessing Bucket and Attachments
Checking for Wear and Tear on Bucket Teeth
The condition of the bucket teeth is crucial for the excavator's efficiency and performance. Examine the bucket teeth for signs of wear and tear, such as scalloping or excessive wear between the teeth. While some wear is normal, significant damage could indicate that the excavator was misused or inadequately maintained.
If you find any issues with the bucket teeth, consider having them repaired or replaced before purchasing the machine. A well-maintained bucket will ensure optimal performance and a longer lifespan for your excavator.
Researching Parts Availability and Maintenance Support
Before purchasing a used excavator, research parts availability and maintenance support for the specific make and model. Ensuring that replacement parts are readily available and that there is adequate support for repairs and maintenance will save you time and frustration in the long run.
Consult with the seller or a trusted mechanic to get a better understanding of the parts availability and support options for the excavator you're considering. This information will help you make an informed decision and avoid potential headaches down the line.
Considering Tires and Price Comparison
Don't forget to inspect the tires on the excavator, as worn or damaged tires can affect the machine's overall performance and safety. Ensure that the tires are in good condition and suitable for the intended usage of the excavator.
Lastly, compare prices from different sellers to ensure you're getting the best possible deal. Research market values and consider factors such as age, hours, and overall condition when comparing prices. Remember that negotiating with the seller can potentially lead to better deals and additional concessions, such as repairs or part replacements.
Bottom Line
When it comes to buying a used excavator, thorough inspection is key. Take the time to carefully examine every aspect of the machine, from the exterior condition to the hydraulics and attachments. Don't hesitate to ask questions and seek advice from experts to ensure you're making the best possible decision.
Remember, each excavator is unique, and its lifespan can vary depending on factors such as brand, maintenance history, and usage. While the average excavator can last between 7,000 and 10,000 hours, it's essential to consider individual circumstances and assess the overall condition of the machine.
Follow us for more heavy equipment tips and tricks or contact us at www.evolutionmechanical.ca for all your new and used equipment needs.
The mid-size 350 P-Tier excavator from John Deere has a 271-net-horsepower engine, a maximum digging depth of 26 feet 10 inches, and an operating weight of 80,985 pounds. Grade management technology options include 2D and 3D Excavator Grade Guidance as well as the fully integrated SmartGrade for 3D control.
Technology has enabled many features that save costs when running an excavator, by reducing fuel consumption and machine wear-and-tear. But there are so many variations among brands, the choices can be confusing.
So for this report, we spoke with manufacturers to help sift through the many offerings. They offer tips to help you find the right features on your new excavator, as well as make the most of your existing machines. We also highlight the latest excavators on the market.
KobelcoThere are several work modes, auto-idle and auto-shutdown settings on the market, but there is little standardization.
Delay intervals on auto-idle and auto-shutdown may be user-settable or may be factory set; some machines have auto-idle but no auto-shutdown.
Many machines have three work modes; some have four or more. Some work modes can be tailored to the needs of specific attachments.
Work modes are sophisticated. Many will reduce engine speed, but most also affect hydraulic operation.
'If the operator merely reduces engine rpm, that does not equal the effects of running in a work mode,' says Dave Donneral, Kobelco Construction Machinery U.S.A. Inc.
'The machine is designed to run at maximum efficiency in each mode setting. By changing only the throttle setting, you are disrupting the machine's calibration, so you are not running at the efficiency level the work mode would provide.'
JCBThe diversity of features is exemplified on JCB excavators. The Load and General modes each have three speed settings. There are also High and High Plus settings. (High Plus delivers about 10% more power for 10 seconds.)
Faced with so many choices, what's an operator's best course of action?
'Set it and forget it,' says Chris Lucas, JCB excavator product manager.
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He says operators quickly learn which mode is best for the task. He adds that the performance in any given mode isn't so narrow as to be restrictive but is actually quite forgiving.
There's auto idle and also Below Idle, which drops engine speed 200 to 250 RPM, and to as low as 900 RPM when the left arm pad is raised, as it would be when the operator is exiting the cab. This reduces both fuel consumption and noise.
CaterpillarIn addition to Eco and Power modes, Cat excavators offer Smart mode, which monitors hydraulic and engine load and stick position to automatically deliver optimal performance.
Brian Stellbrink, Cat market professional, excavators, says Smart mode provides a wide range of responsiveness. It is almost instantaneous in moving up in Power mode but slower to go down to Eco, although it is always looking for opportunities to do so.
'Smart mode automatically provides optimal fuel efficiency and performance without input from the operator,' he says.
Mike Fitzgerald, marketing manager for Doosan Bobcat North America, points to Bobcat excavators' depth-check system as another cost-saving feature. 'The Bobcat depth-check system is easy to use and delivers accurate dig-depth measurement for precision performance.' This eliminates over-digging and the costs of backfilling and compacting, as well as under-digging and the costs of manual labor to finalize the depth or grade.
Bobcat
Staying mindful of the many cost-saving features of a new excavator can be challenging.
'A new machine comes with a lot of information,' says Michael Bennett, product portfolio manager, LBX Link-Belt.
'Some things may get overlooked or forgotten by the customer when the machine is put to use. Operators need to be educated about features initially and then reminded periodically.'
Reports are that many operators are reluctant to use such features. They fail to appreciate that for many applications, maximum power is not optimum power.
Link-BeltJim Joy, product manager, LiuGong, says the tendency of operators to want full power, full time isn't universally true. He points to three types of operators as examples:
LiuGongDavid Caldwell, national product manager, Takeuchi-U.S., says that communication is key.
'You simply can't expect operators to always think with profitability in mind; you need to instill that goal in their minds. Talk about your expectations and priorities. If you don't tell operators what you want and expect, they will do things their way, which may include habits you don't want or need on your jobsite.'
Caldwell also notes that a highly skilled operator's productivity in full power mode may more than offset any efficiencies gained in Eco mode. 'A skilled operator has a feel for the machine and will take smooth, precise cuts, allowing the machine to work at its maximum potential without stalling out or pushing the hydraulics over relief. Every time the bucket stops in the material instead of moving continuously, there's a waste of time, money and fuel.'
TakeuchiWhen providing a reason for operators to take advantage of modes and other cost-saving measures, it may help to look beyond compensation, says Bart DeHaven, director of sales, Kato-CES.
'Everybody's motivated by something. For a lot of people, that's appreciation.'
S.S. Kim, mid-size excavator product manager, Volvo CE North America, says to 'ask your operators to just try different modes for a specified period of time and then be honest with themselves and with you. Can they work as effectively in a more fuel-efficient mode as in full power?'
Show them the math on fuel if you have that available and explain how their operating decision affects the profitability of the company and, ultimately, the value and quality of their work experience.
Volvo CE
Several OEMs offer wheeled excavators. Their main appeal is higher travel speeds and roadability but not all are used in this way, and the diversity of tires and wheels reflects this. Options include wide singles for soft underfoot conditions, dual wheels for better roading, and solid and foam-filled tires for areas with debris, rocks or other tire hazards. Tread patterns also vary.
As with tracked models, the drive systems on wheeled models can be high-cost items with corresponding opportunities for savings. With wheeled models, most of those savings come from proper tire management. It bears emphasizing that this starts with proper inflation, but there are many other tools.
'Don't turn the steering wheel when the machine is not in motion,' says Joy, 'and don't spin the tires when stuck. Get another machine to help with extraction.'
'And tire quality matters,' he adds. 'Your fixed costs ' labor for mounting, shop supplies, downtime ' will be fixed, so why not apply those costs to tires that will give you the best performance and service life?'
Stellbrink says the right choice of wheels and tires makes a difference, and those choices are aided by a wide range of options. 'And use outriggers when possible to take stress off the tires while digging.'
KatoPreventive maintenance intervals have been extended several times over the years. Tighter tolerances, better filters, more efficient cooling systems and more robust oils and other fluids have enabled this. Depending on the size of the excavator, engine oil intervals of 500 hours and hydraulic intervals of 5,000 hours are becoming common.
Is there room for further extensions of intervals?
'Whether we're at a sweet spot or a ceiling, these hours seem about right,' says Justin Steger, solutions marketing manager, John Deere. 'Many customers are observing more conservative intervals as it is, such as 250 to 300 hours on engine oil.'
He says the maintenance interval is one thing, 'but the key thing is fluid condition, which is what maintenance intervals are supposed to manage.'
Deere is among the many OEMs offering fluid sampling and strongly encouraging customers to use it; some OEMs require it to maintain warranty coverage.
'Pull the samples regularly. It's easy to monitor sampling to ensure it's getting done,' Steger says.
Most OEMs provide sampling ports to make pulling samples as easy as possible.
'We are one of the ones who have not extended PM intervals,' says Kato's DeHaven. He says machines last longer with conservative PM intervals and regular close inspection.
'Longer service life of the machine more than offsets any additional costs associated with more frequent servicing.' He emphasizes that PM intervals are system-specific (engine oil, hydraulic oil, fuel system, etc.). 'Air and fuel filters are commonly overlooked and are critical to the performance and longevity of the machine, especially given the sophistication of today's fuel injection systems.'
KomatsuKurt Moncini, product manager, Komatsu, says following the OEM's PM guidance is not just about intervals but also about products. 'Make sure the products you use meet the manufacturer's specs.'
He also warns against over-greasing because excess grease can hide problems. Komatsu's Smart Construction Field app is used for machine inspections and for sharing the results of those inspections.
Donneral says intervals may need to be adjusted, which typically means shortening the intervals. 'Customers must understand that intervals can change in severe-duty environments or when using certain attachments,' such as those requiring high flow or those creating lots of dust.
Steger says it's critical to monitor track sag. 'Undercarriage costs get astronomical in a hurry.'
He says extended warranties give customers a better means to predict and control costs. 'They all have exclusions, so make sure you understand what your extended warranty covers.'
And he says the range of attachments provides ways of getting higher utilization ' and therefore higher income ' from the machine and operator you already have working for you. 'An excavator is a hydraulic pump on tracks,' he says.
HitachiMoncini urges repair before failure. Waiting for failure always results in unexpected downtime and other costs and inconveniences, but some failures, such as those of the hydraulic system, are catastrophic and involve lengthy and costly repairs.
He advises best practices in managing diesel exhaust fluid: keep it clean, keep it in DEF containers, don't mix DEF from multiple containers and keep DEF out of direct sunlight.
Electric fans are also becoming the norm. The Cat 320 has five variable-speed reversing fans for zone-specific cooling and closely matched response to demand. Understand how electric fans work to optimize cooling efficiencies, reversing cycles and other features.
Joel Escalante, excavator product specialist, Hyundai Doosan Infracore, says sharing telematics information with operators can help them understand the big picture and their role within it. 'Owners can use a telematics fuel report to show how much fuel that employee is using in different power modes.' (Doosan has four modes: Economy, Standard, Power and Power+.)
'Also review telematics data and identify operating trends among employees,' he adds. Call attention to idle time and encourage employees to reduce it.
Hyundai Doosan Infracore
'Look at the big picture,' advises Peter Bigwood, general manager of Mecalac North America. 'Don't just look at machine specs or purchase price. Know where each machine fits into your complete operational strategy.'
In the range of excavators greater than 10 metric tons, Mecalac has two wheeled models and, with the recent introduction to North America of the 15MC, now has one tracked model.
Mecalac excavators feature a three-piece boom and stick design that adds to their versatility. This allows them to function not only as excavators but also as compact track and wheel loaders, often exceeding dedicated machines' performance in those applications.
For example, you can deploy pallet forks over obstacles and below grade. 'Having one machine that's extremely versatile provides lower overall costs than having two or three dedicated machines, even if the purchase price of those individual machines is somewhat lower than a single Mecalac excavator,' Bigwood says.
MecalacKim also encourages customers to look at where their excavators fit in the big picture. 'Make sure your excavator matches the job and equipment it will be working alongside.'
A machine that's too small will be working too hard, and a too-big machine is a waste of resources. In a production environment, 'right-sizing the excavator to the material and to the hauler will optimize cycle times and productivity.'
Donneral encourages customers to have annual inspections done by the dealer. 'They see many more machines in the course of a year than do the customers' service technicians. They will give special attention to specific areas where they have seen problems on other machines.'
And finally, know that this discussion is ongoing; advances in every aspect are arriving regularly. The 355 X4S from LBX, for example, is the first in the company's new S Series that will include Eco as a fourth work mode and includes improved LBX RemoteCare telematics.
A used machine can be a good option if you're having difficulty procuring a new machine due to ongoing supply chain challenges.
Here's how the resale market is shaking out for used crawler-mounted hydraulic excavators. (Hint: You may have missed a better sales window earlier in the year, but now might be a good time to buy.)
The average price for a used excavator in all size classes hit a five-year high of $165,089 in January , according to data from EquipmentWatch.
While prices have steadily retreated since, to an average of $157,626 in May , used equipment prices remain elevated due to the reduced volume of inventory available. The average price is calculated based on resale listings in the EquipmentWatch database.
EquipmentWatchThe higher prices used excavators are fetching can also be correlated to the lower average age of equipment.
The average age of used excavators has hovered around a five-year low of 7.25 to 7.53 years, from the fourth quarter of to the second quarter of . This is a dramatic decline from an average age of 12.5 years reported in the first quarter of .
EquipmentWatchSince February , the fair market value for used excavators has been on the decline. Over the last 12 months, prices saw the biggest drop in April , a decrease of 3.77% from March.
EquipmentWatchFair Market Value (FMV) is the monetary value of an asset that can be expected in a transaction with a single seller and single buyer, neither of whom are under any compulsion or time restriction to complete the transaction. FMV for heavy equipment is most closely associated with the private, resale market, as opposed to the public, auction market.
EquipmentWatch, a heavy equipment data and intelligence provider, is owned by Randall Reilly, parent of Equipment World.
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