How to choose a filter press for treatment capacity

For example, a wastewater treatment plant is designed to treat a total of 1,000 tons of wastewater, with a solids content of 1% (an important parameter), and is scheduled to work 8 hours a day, and the nature of the wastewater is municipal wastewater. How to choose a filter press?

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1. Calculate how much absolute dry sludge (sludge without water) there is in a day, the formula: total amount of sewage x 1% solids content = absolute dry sludge ( tons x 1% = 10 tons).
2. The water content of municipal sludge treated by filter press is about 75%, and then calculate the amount of sludge with water content of 75%. The amount of absolute dry sludge × 1.75 = sludge with 75% water content (10 tons × 1.75 = 17.5 tons), resulting in 17.5 tons of sludge with 75% water content per day.

3. Assume that it works eight hours a day. The total amount of sludge with 75% water content ÷ 8 hours = the amount of sludge with 75% water content to be treated per hour (17.5 tons ÷ 8 = 2. tons), which requires about 2.2 tons of sludge to be treated per hour. The cycle of a filter press to treat municipal wastewater is usually once every 4 hours, and a single treatment volume of a machine is 4 × 2.2 tons = 8.8 tons.
4. Then divide by the planned use of several filter presses, here we choose only one filter press, which is 8.8 tons ÷ 1 to get the need for a single filter press capable of processing 8.8 tons of sludge. The volume of one square of filter press is 15L, so 8.8 tons ÷ 15L, which gives us a filter press with an area of about 586 square meters. Multiply by 1.2 times. Thus, a 700-square-foot filter press basically meets the production needs.

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Troubleshooting for Filter Press

Maintenance of filter press

How filter presses work

A filter press (FP) provides sludge dewatering by pressing the sludge between a series of porous plates. The process forces water from the sludge by applying high pressures to sludge layers held between a series of 20−80 rectangular plates. The plates are recessed to allow them to be filled with sludge, and a filter cloth with an effective pore size of less than 0.1 mm fitted to each.

The FP is the only mechanical thickening or dewatering technology that is limited to batchwise (rather than continuous) operation. It is also the only dewatering technology capable of routinely achieving high concentrations of the dewatered solids cake product – between 35 and 45% DS (dry solids) depending on the feed sludge origin and the chemical conditioning applied.

Operation of the filter press proceeds by slowly filling the recesses between the plates with the sludge before applying pressures of 7−20 bar over a period of 1−2 hours. The water is forced out of the sludge under the pressures applied, the filtrate being returned to the wastewater treatment works influent.

Air is then flushed through the system for 5−15 minutes to displace most of the residual water from the cake formed in the recesses. The filter cake may also be washed at this point to remove contaminants. The plates are then separated and the cake solids, 25−40 mm thick, allowed to fall out. The complete operating cycle of filling, filtering and emptying, and washing down the press can take up to five hours.

Filter press, tons per hour

A modification of the standard FP is the diaphragm/membrane press. In this technology, a flexible diaphragm is sandwiched between the filter cloth and the supporting plate. This provides additional dewatering by pressurising the diaphragm (up to ~20 bar) at the end of the pressing cycle to expand the diaphragm and provide further pressure on the cake trapped in the recesses.

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