Many jobs require drilling. There comes a time in every driller's life when a new rig has to be bought. If you are in the market for one and are looking for information that can help with making the right purchasing decision then you have landed at the right place. Read on to determine some of the essentials when it comes to choosing the crawler right rig for your objectives.
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There are two main types of drilling rigs: autonomous crawlers and truck or trailer-mounted.
Crawlers are used when you need to move at a low speed over unlevel areas or on very loose grounds. The truck or trailer-mounter drilling rigs are comparatively cheaper than crawler drilling rigs but they are not free in terms of movement or their energy source which may come from the transport truck or an independent generator.
Pile Drilling: To support a building on unstable ground
Micropile Drilling: To reinforce existing structures
Drilling Wells and Oil Rig: To access groundwater or oil
Geothermal Drilling: To access and extract the Earth's heat
Blast Hole Drilling: For quarries
Continuous Flight Augering: Maintains the walls of the borehole with the drill cuttings that are driven by the auger.
Let us start with the basics. So, what is a Drilling Rig? – It is a type of construction equipment used to make holes in the earth's surface. There are many variations of drilling rigs that vary considerably in size: they can be massive structures or light enough ones which can be moved manually by a single person.
Drilling rigs can take samples from mineral deposits and are capable of testing the physical properties of rocks, soil and groundwater as well. Additionally, they can also be used for underground installations: tunnels, shafts or pipes. Having said that, choosing the right rig doesn't really have to be a daunting task. You just have to make sure exactly what you intend to use it for and what kind of terrain it will be used on.
Inspect the rig thoroughly before purchase. Check to ensure it meets with all the quality standards and has sufficient drilling fluid to avoid any accidents or mishaps.
Always make sure to choose the rig according to the terrain you are going to be working on.
Safety, reliability, and ease of use are also important elements to consider before purchase.
Proper maintenance is the key to the long life of your rig. Do make sure to maintain it on a regular basis to avoid any breakdowns.
Ascertain the drilling contractor you are about to place the drilling rig order with has a global presence and has happy client testimonials. This gives off a sense of credibility and trust in the market.
Be wary of the speed & power of the drilling rig. This can help save a lot of time for your workers during the drilling process and increase efficiency.
Make sure the drilling contractor you are dealing with promises the rig to be delivered on time without any delays and has great after-sales service. This is vital in case of any breakdowns.
Do not be hasty in your decision and succumb to high pressure. Always take the time out to research and see which contractor offers the best solution to your business needs.
Improper Maintenance – Failing to maintain a drilling rig can cause serious damage to the equipment. It could also cause the drill rod to stop functioning which may cause injury or death to the rig operator. Other factors include, leaks in the hydraulic or fluid pump systems can cause shortages or cause the machinery to seize up while working and cause costly project delays.
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Do not purchase a used drilling rig. No matter how tempting it may be due to factors such as low price, short delivery time, local contractors, etc, as it may not be future proof and there will be a high chance of a breakdown
Drilling Industries are sanctioned to have their own auxiliaries such as drilling bit, drilling pipe, drill string, etc to help support the drilling process adding further enhancements. But the quality of these supporting equipments may not always be up to the mark.
Therefore, it is imperative that a thorough inspection of these products be done beforehand, if you are planning to buy them from your contractor itself.
No proper research – Factors such as size, capabilities, and shipping considerations all need to be taken into account when thinking about how much your business or organization is able to commit to.
To avoid any injury at the workplace, be sure that the workers are geared with proper protection equipment before the commencement of any drilling operations.
When it comes to the oil and gas industries, the biggest concern surrounding this will involve fire, particularly oil companies. There will never be a shortage of flammable substances on-site at an oil rig, with explosions and spreading fires being a common threat. If you are familiar with the Piper Alpha disaster of then you would be aware that it's essential that all pipes and installations throughout the rig are entirely secure and sound for the oil workers.
You could need a drilling rig for a multitude of applications, for example to drill a well to access a natural resource (water, oil, geothermal energy, etc.), to build foundations, to make blasting holes in a mine, to take samples from the ground, etc.
It is necessary to determine what the drilling rig will be used for, as well as what kind of terrain it will mainly be operating on. Depending on the terrain, you can choose between different types of drilling rigs: rotary drilling rigs, percussion drilling rigs, down-the-hole drilling rigs, top hammer drilling rigs (with high hammer), etc.
In order to make the best choice, it is important to determine whether the drilling rig will be used for your core business or for occasional operations, and in particular whether you want to take advantage of the latest innovations or whether a machine that has proven its worth over several decades might be suitable for you.
Safety, reliability and ease of use are also important elements to consider and are directly linked to each other. A machine that’s reliable and easy to operate, when used according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, increases user safety.
It is also important to define the type of mobility you will need. There are autonomous crawler drilling rigs and truck-mounted or trailer-mounted drilling rigs that need to be powered by a generator or the truck that carries them.
Once you have determined the type of machine you need, you can calculate the size required according to the diameter and depth of the borehole.
Drilling type Soil type Comments Rotary drilling Soft rock Significant depths up to 5,000 metersRotary drilling: This type of drilling digs a hole by grinding the rock with a tool under the effect of weight and rotation. It is mainly used in oil production. The cuttings are brought to the surface under the pressure of a drilling fluid that is injected into the drill string. Drilling fluid also helps consolidate the walls of the borehole, so it is not necessary to case it as the operation progresses.
Down-the-hole drilling (rotary percussion drilling or rotary hammer drilling): this type of drilling uses drilling rigs that drill with a rotary cutter (drill head) and hammer the bottom of the hole with a pneumatic hammer. The excavated material rises to the surface under the pressure of the compressed air used for the hammer. These drilling rigs are powerful and have high drilling rates, especially in rock. For artesian wells (wells where water naturally rises to the surface under groundwater pressure) or geothermal drilling, an air injection at the end of the drill pipe pushes the water up the borehole, allowing the operator to immediately determine the water flow encountered. This type of drilling is used for hard and cracked ground up to 4,000 meters deep. When the drilling bit is eccentric, the drilling can be done with a casing advancement system (installation of tubes by gravity) which reinforces the hole as the drilling progresses.
Top hammer drilling: this type of drilling uses drilling rigs that also operate on a percussion system, but one that remains outside the borehole. They are mainly used for small diameter drilling, for example for mineral exploration or the installation of tie rods in rock. This system is used for shallow boreholes, as there can be significant deviation due to the structure of the ground drilled through. These drilling rigs can operate in any direction however.
Auger boring: This is a type of rotary drilling using a worm screw (the auger). This type of drilling is mainly used for unconsolidated clay or sand terrain. The excavated material is directly brought to the surface by the worm screw. For deep drilling, it may be necessary to regularly raise the auger to empty it of its excavated material.
Core drilling: Core drilling is similar to rotary drilling, but it uses a crown to extract a sample, called a core, inside the tool.
Percussion drilling: consists in breaking the rock by dropping a tool, the drill bit, by gravity. This type of drilling can only be used vertically. To prevent the borehole from collapsing, it is necessary to case it as it is drilled. The cuttings are reassembled as soon as they interfere with drilling by replacing the drill bit with a flap valve bailer. The flap valve bailer is a type of tube equipped with a tilting flap in the lower part. This tilting flap allows the tube to be filled with excavated material which is then transported to the surface.
Pipe jacking: is mainly used to install horizontal pipes. The tube is pushed progressively by percussion, the excavated material being removed at the end of the drilling operation either by water injection or with an auger. This technique is used in particular to avoid transmitting vibrations to the surrounding buildings or to avoid digging a trench.
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